Más subvierte el diablo por viejo: transgresión simbólica entre los yaquis de Arizona

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Published: Jul 13, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17428/rfn.v8i15.1487

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Eduardo Barrera Herrera
El Colegio de la Frontera Norte y University of Texas at El Paso

Abstract

Los yaquis han sido considerados gente fronteriza por su ubicación geográfica, así como por el conspicuo sincretismo de sus prácticas religiosas. La nación yaqui ha usado esta esfera como una fuente de resistencia mediante movimientos milenaristas y mesianistas. Entre los elementos que subvierten la religión hegemónica hasta nuestros días, destacan los diablos payasos llamados chapayekas. Éstos forman parte de los fariseos, que constituyen una de las cofradías instituidas por los jesuítas en el siglo XIX. Estos payasos adoptan conductas que transgreden los órdenes civil, moral y religioso, los que son examinados en las ceremonias de cuaresma en las comunidades de Pascua y Guadalupe, Arizona. Sus máscaras, vestimenta, parafernalia y lenguaje no verbal tienen las características de lo grotesco descritas por Bakhtin, e incluyen orificios corporales exagerados, barriga, andar pendular e insinuaciones sexuales.El potencial subversivo del chapayeka se debe a la sedimentación de elementos precristianos y al sincretismo milenarista y mesianista. ABSTRACT Yaquis have been considered border people because of their geographic location as well as for the conspicuous synchretism of their religious practices. The Yaqui Nation has used this sphere as a source of resistance through millenarist and messianic movements. Among the elements that subvert the hegemonic religion up to this day the devil clowns called chapayekas stand out. The chapayekas are part of the Fariseos, who constitute one of the sodalities instituted by the Jesuits in the XIX century. These clowns engage in behaviors that transgress the civil, moral and religious orders, which are examined based on some Lent ceremonies in the villages of Pascua and Guadalupe in Arizona. Their masks, clothing, paraphernalia and nonverbal language have the characteristics of the grotesque described by Bakhtin including exaggerated bodily orifices, portruding belly, pendular walk and sexual innuendos. The subversive potential of the Chapayeka is due to the sedimentation of pre-Christian elements and the millenarist and messianic synchretism.

Article Details

How to Cite
Barrera Herrera, E. (2017). Más subvierte el diablo por viejo: transgresión simbólica entre los yaquis de Arizona. Frontera Norte, 8(15), 133–145. https://doi.org/10.17428/rfn.v8i15.1487
Issue
Vol. 8 No. 15 (1996): enero-junio, 1996
Section
Papers

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