Homicidios, ¿es ineluctable la violencia en América Latina?

Article Sidebar

PDF (Español (España))
Published: Mar 9, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17428/rfn.v25i49.790

Main Article Content

Pierre Salama
Profesor emérito de la Universidad de París xiii

Abstract

En la mayoría de los países de América Latina la tasa de homicidios es mucho mayor que en los países desarrollados. En algunos países aumenta mientras en otros disminuye o bien se estabiliza. Se incrementa considerablemente en algunas grandes ciudades pero decrece significativamente en otras, desde inicios del año 2000. Los narcotraficantes y la evolución de las organizaciones criminales inciden de manera especial en todo ello. Las causas del aumento y la reducción de la violencia son múltiples y se entrecruzan.Reducir la violencia una vez que ha alcanzado el nivel que presenta en varios países de América Latina es un poco como tratar de “encontrar la cuadratura del círculo”. Eso da una idea del grado de dificultad. Algunas condiciones previas son necesarias para mejorar la cohesión social y para reducir la violencia: disminuir de manera sustancial las desigualdades socioeconómicas, favorecer una redistribuciónHomicides, Is violence ineluctablein Latin America?In most Latin American countries homicide rates are much higher than in developed countries. It increases in some countries, decreases in others or stabilizes. It growths strongly in a few cities but decrease significantly in others since the beginning of the years 2000. The drug taffickers and the evolution or criminal organizations play a special role.The causes of the increase and the reduction of violence are many and complexs. Reduce violence when it reaches the level that she knows in many Latin American countries is a bit like trying to do the squaring of the circle.That is the difficulty. There is a set of prerequisites to make the more cohesive society and reduce violence: substantially reduce socio-economic inequalities, promote a more egalitarian income distribution, develop a primary, secondary, and vocational quality education, invent the city policies, improve the quality of institutions, including and especially that of justice and the police, develop a policy of the city as it was done in Bogotá and as it starts to be done in the «pacified favellas» at the Brazil in contrast to what is observed in Mexico where repression is privileged and corruption is very high.

Article Details

How to Cite
Salama, P. (2017). Homicidios, ¿es ineluctable la violencia en América Latina?. Frontera Norte, 25(49), 7–27. https://doi.org/10.17428/rfn.v25i49.790
Issue
Vol. 25 No. 49 (2013): enero-junio, 2013
Section
Papers

Authors publishing work in this journal agree to the following conditions:

  1. Authors retain copyright and assign first publication rights to the journal Frontera Norte (RFN), with the texts registered under an Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Creative Commons license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which allows third parties to use published material provided they give credit to the authors and acknowledge this journal as the first publisher.

  2. They authorize the reproduction, publication, translation, communication, and transmission of their paper and all accompanying material, publicly and in any form and by any means; its public distribution in as many copies as required; and public communication thereof in any form, including making it available to the public through electronic means or any other technology, and solely for dissemination and scientific, cultural, and non-commercial purposes.

  3. Authors may enter into further independent contractual agreements for the non-exclusive distribution of the version of the paper published in this journal (for instance, to include it in an institutional repository or personal webpage, or publish it in a book), provided it is not for commercial purposes and they clearly state that the work was first published in Frontera Norte (RFN) [and add the corresponding bibliographical record: Author/s (Year). Title of paper. Frontera Norte, volume (number), pp. doi: xxxx].

To that end, authors must submit the form assigning ownership of first publication rights, duly completed and signed. This document is to be uploaded in PDF format as a complementary file on the OJS platform.

Licencia de Creative Commons

This work is released under an Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Creative Commons license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)..

References

Bauer, A., dir., 2006, Géographie de la France criminelle, París, Éditions Odile Jacob.

Camara, M. y Pierre Salama, 2004, “Homicidios en América del Sur: ¿los pobres son peligrosos?”, Economía Institucional, vol 6, núm. 10, Colombia,.

Camara, M. y Pierre Salama, 2003, “Homicides, les pauvres sont-ils dangereux ?”, Tiers Monde, núm 174.

Cohen, M. y M. Rubio, 2007, “Violence and crime in Latin America”, Solutions Paper, Consulta de San José organizada por el Copenhagen Consensus Center.

De Mello, J. y A. Schneider, 2007, “Assesing Sao Paulo’s large drop in homicides: the role of demography and policy intervention”, Working Paper, ufjr.

Gaviria, A. y C. Pages, 1999, “Patterns of Crime Victimisation in Latin America”, Working paper, Banque interaméricaine de developpement, en .

Guerrero Gutiérrez, E., 2011a, “Cómo reducir la violencia en Mexico”, Nexos,noviembre, México.

Guerrero, Gutiérrez, E., 2011b, “At the root of the violence”, Wola, septiembre.

Haut, F. y St. Queré, 2001, Les bandes criminelles, París, puf.

Kesler, G., 2010a, “Crime organisé et violence en Amérique latine et dans les Caraïbes”, Problèmes d’América latine, núm. 76.

Kesler, G., 2010b, “La extensión de los sentimientos de inseguridad en América Latina : relatos, acciones y políticas en el caso argentino”, Revista de sociología política, núm. 19. Le monde, 2007, entrevista realizada por Marwan Mohammed, el 10 de octubre.

Mucchielli, L. y P. Spierenburg, dirs., 2009, Histoire de l’homicide en Europe, de la fin du Moyen Age à nos jours, Colección Recherche, La découverte.

Pécaut D. (1991,1994 y 1998) : “Trafic de drogue et violence en Colombie” ; “Violence et politique: quatre éléments de réflexion à propos de la Colombie” ; “Les configurations de l’espace, du temps et de la subjectivité dans un contexte de terreur : lecas colombien (partie 1 et 2), Cultures y Conflits.

Peralva, A., 2001, “Perspectives sur la violence brésilienne”, Tiers Monde, núm. 167, julio-septiembre, París, PUF.

Rodgers, D., 1999, “Youth gangs and violence in Latin America and the Caribbean: a litterature survey”.

Rubio, M., dir., 2005, “La mara, trucha y voraz”, working Paper, Inter-American Development Bank, Washington; Salama, Pierre, 1991, La dolarización, México, Siglo xxi Editores.

Salama, Pierre y J. Valier, 1992, La economía gangrenada, México, Siglo xxi Editores.

Sandoval, E., 2012, “Economía de la fayuca y del narcotráfico en el noreste de México. Extorsiones, contubernios y solidaridades en las economías transfronterizas”, Desacatos, núm. 38.

Sullivan, J., 2012, “From drug wars to criminal insurgency: Mexican cartels, criminal enclaves and criminal insurgency in Mexico and Central America. Implications for global security”. Working paper, núm. 9, París, MSH.

Sullivan, J. y A. Elkus, 2010, “Cartel vs. Cartel: Mexico’s criminal insurgency”, Small Wars Journal, en .

Sullivan, J. y A. Elkus, 2011, “Open veins of Mexico: the strategic logic of Cartel resource extraction and petro-targeting”, Small Wars Journal, en . Trans-border Institute, 2011, Drug violence in Mexico, Universidad de San Diego.

Zaluar, A., 2002, “Oito temas para debate, violencia e segurança publica”, Sociologia, problemas e praticas, núm. 38, Río de Janeiro.