Mercado laboral, inequidad salarial y cambio tecnológico regional

Article Sidebar

PDF (Español (España))
Published: Mar 16, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17428/rfn.v23i45.834

Main Article Content

Reyna E. Rodríguez Pérez
Luis Huesca Reynoso
Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (ciad)
Mario Camberos Castro
Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (ciad)

Abstract

En este artículo se analiza, en el contexto de México y sus regiones, la desigualdad salarial entre trabajadores explicada por el cambio tecnológico como resultado de un aumento en la demanda de trabajo calificado (Acemoglu, 1998 y 2002) y que premia la oferta con mayores calificaciones; en él se encontró una concentración de trabajadores en ocupaciones no tecnológicas con bajo nivel de calificación laboral, una notoria diferencia salarial a favor de los empleados en actividades tecnológicas de los calificados y de las regiones, como la región frontera respecto de la sur.La desigualdad, medida por descomposición del Gini (versión de Shorrocks, 1999), es explicada en mayor parte por las diferencias entre los grupos de trabajadores no calificados en el año 2000, mientras que su aporte cambia por aquéllos calificados en 2008, independientemente de la ocupación tecnológica donde se ubique.Labor Market, Wage Inequality and Regional Technical ChangeAbstractThis article analyzed wage inequality among workers in Mexico and its regions, explained by technological change, as result of the soaring demand for skilled labor (Acemoglu, 1998 and 2002), which rewards higher skills. It found a greater concentration of workers in non-technological occupations and lower skilled jobs and significantly higher salaries among skilled technological workers and those located in the border region in high-tech positions than in the south .In 2000, inequality measured using a decomposition of the the Gini index (Shorrocks, 1999) was largely explained by differences among groups of non-skilled workers; whereas in 2008, it was less able to account for the differences between skilled workers, regardless of the technological occupation in which they were engaged.

Article Details

How to Cite
Rodríguez Pérez, R. E., Huesca Reynoso, L., & Camberos Castro, M. (2017). Mercado laboral, inequidad salarial y cambio tecnológico regional. Frontera Norte, 23(45), 7–34. https://doi.org/10.17428/rfn.v23i45.834
Issue
Vol. 23 No. 45 (2011): enero-junio, 2011
Section
Papers

Authors publishing work in this journal agree to the following conditions:

  1. Authors retain copyright and assign first publication rights to the journal Frontera Norte (RFN), with the texts registered under an Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Creative Commons license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which allows third parties to use published material provided they give credit to the authors and acknowledge this journal as the first publisher.

  2. They authorize the reproduction, publication, translation, communication, and transmission of their paper and all accompanying material, publicly and in any form and by any means; its public distribution in as many copies as required; and public communication thereof in any form, including making it available to the public through electronic means or any other technology, and solely for dissemination and scientific, cultural, and non-commercial purposes.

  3. Authors may enter into further independent contractual agreements for the non-exclusive distribution of the version of the paper published in this journal (for instance, to include it in an institutional repository or personal webpage, or publish it in a book), provided it is not for commercial purposes and they clearly state that the work was first published in Frontera Norte (RFN) [and add the corresponding bibliographical record: Author/s (Year). Title of paper. Frontera Norte, volume (number), pp. doi: xxxx].

To that end, authors must submit the form assigning ownership of first publication rights, duly completed and signed. This document is to be uploaded in PDF format as a complementary file on the OJS platform.

Licencia de Creative Commons

This work is released under an Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Creative Commons license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)..

References

Abdelkrim, Araar, 2006, “On the Decomposition of the Gini Coefficient: An

Excact Approach, with an Illustration Using Cameroonian Data”, Cahier de

Recherche, working paper, núm. 06-02, enero, Quebéc, Centre interiniversitaire sur le risqué, les politiques économiques et lémploi.

Acemoglu, Daron, 1998, “Changes in unemployment and Wage Inequality: An

Alternative Theory and Some Evidence”, National Bureau of Economic Research, working paper, núm. 6658, Cambridge, /Cambridge Press, pp. 1-39.

Acemoglu, Daron, 2001a, “Directed Technical Change”, National Bureau of Economic Research, working paper. núm. 8287, Cambridge, /Cambridge Press, pp 1-60.

Acemoglu, Daron, 2001b, “Good Jobs versus Bad Jobs”, Journal of Labor Economics, vol. 19, núm. 1, Chicago, Chicago Press, pp. 1-21.

Acemoglu, Daron, 2002, “Technical Change, Inequality, and the Labor Market”,

Journal of Economic Literature, vol. 40, núm. 1, Pittsburgh, American Economic

Asociation Publications, pp. 7-72.

Aguilar, Ismael, 1998, “Competitividad y precarización del empleo: El caso de

la industria del televisor en color en la frontera norte de México”, Papeles de

población, núm. 18, Toluca, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, pp.

-121.

Alderson, S. Arthur, Jason Beckfield y François Nielsen, 2005, “Exactly how has

Income Inequality Changed? Patterns of Distributional Change in Core Societies”, working paper, núm. 422, Nueva York, Maxwell School of Citizenship

and Public Affairs/Syracuse University, pp. 1-26.

Autor, David H.; Frank Levy y Richard J. Murnane, 2003, “The Skill Content of

Recent Technological Change: An Empirical Exploration”, Quaterly Journal of

Economics, vol. 118, núm. 4, noviembre, Chicago, MIT Press, pp. 1279-1334.

Autor, David; Lawrence Katz y Melissa Kearney, 2008, “Trends in U.S. Wage Inequality: Revising the Revisionists, The Review of Economic and Statistics, vol. XC, núm. 2, Chicago, MIT Press, pp. 300-323.

Bhattacharaya, N. y B. Mahalanobis, 1967, “Regional Disparities in Household

Consumption in India”, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 62, Alexandria, Virgina, American Statistical Association.

Berman, Eli; John Bound y Zvi Griliches, 1993, “Changes in the demand for Skilled Labor within U.S. Manufacturing Industries: Evidence from the Annual

Survey of Manufacturing”, National Bureau of Economic Research, working paper series, núm. 4255, Cambridge, Mass., Cambridge Press, pp. 1-38.

Berman, Eli; John Bound y Stephen Machin, 1997, “Implication of Skill-Biased

Technological Change: International Evidence”, National Bureau of Economic

Research, working paper, núm. 6166, Cambridge, Mass., Cambridge Press, pp.

-40.

Bowles, Samuel; Herbert Gintis y Melissa Osborne (2001), “The Determinants of Earnings: A Behavioral Approach”, Journal of Economics Literature, Pittsburgh, American Economic Asociation Publications vol. 39, num. 4, Pp. 1137-1176.

Burgos, Benjamín y Alejandro Mungaray, 2008, “Apertura externa, inequidad salarial y calificación laboral en México, 1984-2002”, Problemas del Desarrollo, , vol. 39, núm. 152, México, unam, pp. 87-111.

Carrillo, H. M. y Haydee Vázquez, 2005, “Desigualdad y polarización en la distribución del ingreso salarial en México”, Problemas del Desarrollo, vol. 36, núm. 141, abril-junio, México, unam, pp. 109-130.

Castro Lugo, David, 2007, “Disparidad salarial urbana en México, 1992-2002”,

Estudios Sociales, núm. 29, Hermosillo, ciad, pp. 117-153.

Duclos, Jean Yves; Araar, A. y C. Fortin, 2008, DAD 4.5: A Software for Distributive Analysis/Analyse Distributive, Quebéc, MIMAP Programme/International Development Research Centre/Government of Canada/CRÉFA/Université Laval.

Gallego, Francisco, 2006, “Skill Preminun in Chile: Studying the Skill Bias Technical Change Hypothesis in the South”, working paper, núm. 363, Chile, Banco Central de Chile, pp. 1-46.

Ghiara, Ranjeeta y Eduardo Zepeda, 2004, “Desigualdad salarial, demanda de trabajo calificado y modernización: lecciones del caso de Tijuana, 1987-1994”,

Región y sociedad, vol. XVI, núm. 29, Hermosillo, El Colegio de Sonora, pp.

-43.

Gustaffson, Björn y Mats Johansson, 1999, “In Search of Smoking Guns: What

Makes Inequality vary over Time in Different Countries?”, American Sociological Review, 64, núm. 4, agosto, Washington, DC, American Sociological Association, pp. 585-605.

Hanson, Gordon, 2004, “What has Happened to Wages in México since NAFTA?

Implications for Hemispheric Free Trade”, en Tony Estevadeordal, Dany

Rodrick, Alan Taylor y Andres Velasco, edits., FTAA and Beyond: Prospects for

Integration in the Americas, Cambridge, Harvard University Press.

Huesca, Luis [tesis de maestría], 2003, “La clase media en México: un análisis

robusto de la polarización del ingreso durante 1984-2000”, Barcelona, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona.

Huesca, Luis y Reyna Rodríguez, 2008, “Salarios y calificación laboral en México”, Problemas del Desarrollo, vol. 39, núm. 154, México, unam, pp. 61-86.

Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía, 2005-2008, Encuesta Nacional de

Empleo Urbano (eneu), 2000-2004, Aguascalientes.

Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía, 2000-2004, Encuesta Nacional de

Ocupación y Empleo (enoe), Aguascalientes.

Katz, Lawrence y Kevin Murphy, 1991, “Change in Relative Wages, 1963-1987:

supply and Demand Factors”, National Bureau of Economic Research, working

paper, núm. 3927, Cambridge, Mass. Cambridge Press, pp. 1-38.

Kolenikov, Stalisnav y Anthony Shorrocks, 2005, “A Decomposition Analysis of

Regional Poverty in Russia”, Review of Development Economics, vol. 9, núm. 1,

Nueva Jersey, Blackwell Publishing, pp. 25-46.

Lambert, Peter y J. R. Aronson, 1993, “Inequality Decomposition Analysis and

the Gini Coeficient Revisited”, Economic Journal, 103, Princeton, John Wiley-

Royal Economic Society, pp. 1121-1127.

Mañé Vernet, Ferran [tesis de doctorado], 2001, “Cambio tecnológico y calificaciones en la industria española: una aproximación estructural”, Barcelona, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona.

Medina Ramírez, Salvador, 2004, “La dependencia tecnológica en México”, Economía Informa, núm. 330, México, unam, pp. 73-81.

Meza González, Liliana, 2001, “Wage Inequality and the Gender Wage Gap in

México”, Economía mexicana, nueva época, núm. 2, México, cide, pp. 291-323.

Morduch, Jonathan y Terry Sicular, 2002, “Rethinking Inequality Decomposition, with Evidence from Rural China”, Economic Journal, vol. 112, núm. 476, Princeton, John Wiley-Royal Economic Society, pp. 93-106.

Murphy, Kevin; Craig Riddell y Paul Romer, 1998, “Wages, Skills, and Technology in the United States and Canada”, National Bureau of Economic Research, working paper núm. 6638, Cambridge, Mass., Cambridge Press, pp. 1-43.

Oliver Alonso, Josep; José Luis Raymond Bara y Héctor Sala Lorda, 2001, “Necesidad de formación en el mercado de trabajo español: composición del empleo y estructura productiva”, documento de trabajo, núm. 01.07 Barcelona, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, pp. 1-30.

Pyatt, Graham, 1976, “On the interpretation and disaggregation of Gini coeficients”, Economic Journal, 86, Princeton, John Wiley-Royal Economic Society, pp. 243-255.

Raymond Bara, José Luis; Josep Oliver Alonso y Xavier Ramos Morilla, 2001,

Capital humano y desigualdad en España 1985-1996, Barcelona, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, pp. 1-25.

Shapley, Lloyd, 1954, “A Value for N-person Games”, en Harold Khun y Albert

Tucker edits, Contributions to the Theory of Games, vol. 2, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press.

Shorrocks, Anthony, 1982, “Inequality Decomposition by Factor Components”,

Econometrica, vol. 50, núm. 1, Chicago, mit-Press, pp. 193-211.

Shorrocks, Anthony, 1984, “Inequality Decomposition by Population Subgroup”, Econometrica, vol. 52, núm. 6, Chicago, mit-Press, pp. 1369-1385.

Shorrocks, Anthony, 1999, “Decomposition Procedures for Distributional Analysis: A Unified framework Based on the Shapley Value”, reporte técnico, Essex, University of Essex.

Silber, Jaques, 1989, “Factor Components, Population Subgroups and the Computation of the Gini Index of Inequality”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 71, Chicago, mit-Press, pp. 107-115.

Tinbergen, Jan, 1975, “Substitution of Academically Trained by other Manpower”, Review of World Economics, Springer, vol. 111, núm. 3, Oxford, UK, Oxonia, pp. 466-76.

Torres, Xavier, 2002, “Dispersión salarial y cambio tecnológico en la industria

española”, Investigaciones Económicas, vol. xxvi, núm. 3, Madrid, Fundación sepi, pp. 551-571.

Wan, Guanghua, 2002, Regression-based Inequality Decomposition. Pitfalls and a solution Procedure, discussion paper, núm. 2002/101, octubre, Helsinki, unu/wider.

Wan, Guanghua y Z. Zhou, 2005, “Income Inequality in Rural China: Regresion

Based Decomposition Using Household Data”, Review of Development Economics, vol. 9, núm. 1, Chicago, Chicago Press, pp. 107-120.

Wan, Guanghua, 2007, “Understanding Regional Poverty and Inequality Trends

in China: Methodological Issues and Empirical Findings”, Review of Income and

Wealth, series 53, núm. 1, marzo, Nueva Jersey, John Wiley, pp. 25-34.

Wan, Guanghua; M. Lu y Z. Chen, 2007, “Globalization and Regional Income Inequality: Empirical Evidence from within China”, Review of Income and Wealth, series 53, núm. 1, marzo, Nueva Jersey, John Wiley, pp. 35-59.