El mercado de trabajo en la frontera norte frente al cierre de empresas maquiladoras

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Published: May 23, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17428/rfn.v17i34.1047

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Eliseo Díaz González
El Colegio de la Frontera Norte

Abstract

El presente ensayo estudia el mercado de trabajo en los estados de la frontera norte del país y los efectos del Tratado de Libre Comercio (TLCAN) sobre la industria maquiladora, su relación con el empleo y la determinación de los salarios en esa región durante el período 1997-2004, con especial atención en el cierre de empresas maquiladoras entre 2001 y 2003. Apoyado en un modelo de impacto del comercio internacional sobre el empleo y los salarios de una región particular y utilizando un modelo de datos de panel, el autor analiza el efecto que la demanda de exportaciones de bienes maquilados ha tenido sobre la demanda de empleo y los salarios tanto en la industria maquiladora como en el sector no maquilador, caracterizado como productor de bienes no comercializables. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que, para este período en particular, el empleo en sectores distintos de la maquila determina el equilibrio en el mercado de empleo y que los salarios de las empresas maquiladoras son influidos por el equilibrio en la oferta y demanda en estos sectores.ABSTRACT This article studies the labor market in Mexico's northern-border states, and the effects of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) on the maquiladora industry, and its relationship to employment and wage determination in the region from 1997 through 2004, with special attention to maquiladora closures between 2001 and 2003. Based on a model of the impact of international trade on employment and wages in a certain region, and utilizing a panel data model, the author analyzes the effect that the demand for maquiladora exports has had on the demand for employment and wages, in both the maquiladora industry and the non-maquiladora sector, characterized as a producer of nontradable- goods. The results suggest that, for this period in particular, employment in various sectors of the maquiladora industry determines equilibrium in the job market, and that the supply-and-demand equilibrium in those sectors determines the wages maquiladora firms pay.

Article Details

How to Cite
Díaz González, E. (2017). El mercado de trabajo en la frontera norte frente al cierre de empresas maquiladoras. Frontera Norte, 17(34), 139–165. https://doi.org/10.17428/rfn.v17i34.1047
Issue
Vol. 17 No. 34 (2005): julio-diciembre, 2005
Section
Papers

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