Política de comercio exterior y seguridad nacional en México: Hacia la definición de metas para fines de siglo

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Published: Aug 17, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17428/rfn.v1i1.1667

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Gustavo del Castillo
El Colegio de la Frontera Norte

Abstract

Este trabajo analiza la evolución de la política exterior de México desde la época de Luis Echeverría hasta la actualidad, haciendo énfasis en la política comercial. En el trabajo se intenta definir el costo político que esta posición exterior ha tenido para México, especialmente en su relación bilateral con Estados Unidos. Se sostiene que la política comercial mexicana ha variado desde un apoyo incondicional de la UNCTAD hasta la adhesión de México al GATT. Esta política ha variado considerablemente, enfatizando el internacionalismo tercermundista, hasta el multilateralismo expresado por el GATT. Durante los años más recientes de esta época, al mismo tiempo que México se incorporaba al GATT, se negociaban acuerdos comerciales muy específicos que intensificaron la relación bilateral con Estados Unidos. El trabajo plantea el escenario futuro de un mundo dividido en bloques comerciales que demanda opciones difíciles para la política comercial mexicana y que requieren de una definición pronta si es que México no se quiere encontrar aislado comercialmente o forzado a una relación bilateral asimétrica. En este contexto se plantea la necesidad de estudiar las posibilidades y dificultades de una relación comercial tripartita entre México, Canadá y Estados Unidos.ABSTRACTThis paper analyzes of the evolution of Mexican foreign policy, particularly trade policy, from the time of President Luis Echeverría to the present. It attempts to define the political costs of these policies for Mexico, especially in terms of the U.S.-Mexican bilateral relationship. The author maintains that Mexican trade policy has ranged from unconditional support for the UNCTAD, to the current subscription to the GATT..i.e., from Third World internationalism to the multilateralism enshrined in the GATT. In recent years, al the same time that Mexico was joining the GATT, Mexico and the United States were negotiating specific trade agreements that intensified their bilateral relationship. The paper suggests, as a possible scenario for the future, a world divided into trade blocs. This would create difficult trade-policy options for Mexico, requiring definitive decisions if Mexico hopes to avoid being isolated from the world market or forced into an asymmetric bilateral relationship. The essay uses this context to highlight the need for studying the possibilities and difficulties of forming a trilateral trade relationship between Mexico, Canada, and the United States.

Article Details

How to Cite
del Castillo, G. (2017). Política de comercio exterior y seguridad nacional en México: Hacia la definición de metas para fines de siglo. Frontera Norte, 1(1), 25–48. https://doi.org/10.17428/rfn.v1i1.1667
Issue
Vol. 1 No. 1 (1989): enero-junio, 1989
Section
Papers

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